whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin

(PART TWO) Does a man will become better? Considered one of the greatest French authors of all time, Victor Hugo cemented his place in the literary canon with ‘The Hunchback of Notre-Dame’ and his epic historical novel ‘Les Miserables’. Born in 1802, three-years after Napoleon seized power, he was already famous as a poet, artist and novelist by the time he was 30 and he had had time to study law. As well as being a literary genius however, he could just as easily be remembered as a politician or a saint. He was a human rights activist. Why? There’s one convenience about absolute power, that it sanctifies everything in the eyes of the people. Hugo’s influence extended beyond the world of literature. There is, so I believe, in the essence of everything, something that we cannot call learning. There is, my friend, only a knowledge – that is everywhere, that is in me and you and in every creature, and I am beginning to believe that this knowledge has no worse enemy than the man of knowledge, than learning, Hugo thought. Wisdom cannot be imparted. Wisdom that a wise man attempts to impart always sounds like foolishness to someone else … Knowledge can be communicated, but not wisdom. One can find it, live it, do wonders through it, but one cannot communicate and teach it. Most people…are like a falling leaf that drifts and turns in the air, flutters, and falls to the ground. But a few others are like stars which travel one defined path: no wind reaches them, they have within themselves their guide and path. On the other hand in America, in the Republic, one has to spend the whole weary day paying serious court to the shopkeepers in the street, and must become as stupid as they are; and there, one has no Opera. I shall have found my paradise on earth, Hugo thought so. Many of his writings, including peasant Jean Valjean’s quest for redemption after being jailed for stealing bread in Les Miserables, explored politics, poverty, justice and moral philosophy. You imagine, France’s most famous novel was written in Britain. The City of Paris preserves the two houses where Victor Hugo lived the longest: the Hôtel de Rohan-Guéménée in Place des Vosges in Paris, where for 16 years (from 1832 to 1848) he rented a 280 square-metre apartment on the second floor (One day, I was also fortunate to go through one of Paris’s finest squares, Comment of the author of the essay), and Hauteville House on the island of Guernsey, where he lived in exile for 15 years (from 1856 to 1870). On 16 May 1856, with the proceeds from his successful collection of poems Les Contemplations, Victor Hugo purchased Hauteville House in Guernsey; a large white building with a garden overlooking the sea. An enthusiastic collector of second-hand furniture and bric-à-brac, he brought back a profusion of chests, sideboards, carpets, mirrors, crockery, figurines and other objects from his excursions around the island. He put his boundless imagination to work on the house, spending months overseeing a major conversion on a medieval pattern, which gave this unique building an inner force and mystery. Hugo lived in Hauteville House until 1870, when he returned to France after the fall of the Second Empire, but he returned again for a year in 1872-73, for a week in 1875 and for four months in 1878.
In March 1927, the centenary year of the Romantic Movement, the house was donated to the City of Paris by the writer’s descendants Jeanne, Jean, Marguerite and François. Hauteville House has been preserved exactly as it was. Hugo’s abundant creativity is displayed in the astonishing richness of its decoration. As Charles Hugo put it, the house is “a veritable three-storey autograph, a poem in several rooms”.Hauteville House has some wonderful gardens which are included on a visit to the house. Hugo was immediately captivated by Guernsey: he was struck by the harshness of its cliffs and the gentleness of the inland scenery. He appreciated both ‘the breath of the ocean’ and ‘the breath of the flowers’. He was led to express his gratitude to the island in the dedication of his famous novel: Les Travailleurs de la mer, “I dedicate this book to the rock of hospitality, to this corner of old Norman land where resides the noble little people of the sea, to the Island of Guernsey, severe and yet gentle…”. Hugo described the Channel Islands as “fragments of France which fell into the sea and were gathered up by England”. It is that fusion of French and British culture that makes Guernsey so unique and its heritage, scenery and people left a lasting impression on the author. Any visitor who follows his well trodden path will leave feeling as inspired as he did over 150 years ago. Hugo also used his status for push for social change. After being elected to France’s National Assembly in 1848, he broke with conservatives to call for universal suffrage, free education for all children, and an end to poverty. His campaign to abolish the death penalty was also internationally renowned. A fierce critic of Napoleon, Hugo fled France after the 1851 coup d’etat that brought Bonaparte to power. After spells in Belgium and Jersey he settled in the smaller Channel Island of Guernsey, where the writer would live for the next 15 years. It proved to be one of the most productive periods of his life, as Hugo penned his two most celebrated volumes of poetry and most of Les Miserables – which he began in the 1845 but did not complete until 1862. You probably do not know that, as he laboured over Les Miserables, Hugo employed a unique strategy to force himself to write. The author removed his clothes and locked himself in an empty room with nothing but a pen and paper to distract him. He is said to have ordered his servants not to give him his clothes back until he had made progress on the novel, which eventually spanned more than 1,500 pages. Victor Hugo is venerated as a saint in the Vietnamese religion of Cao Dai, which blends Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and Christianity. As I said French author and poet Victor Hugo spent 15 years in exile in Guernsey from 1855 and the island provided the inspiration for many of his fine works, including Les Miserables and Toilers of the Sea. Hugo fell in love with Guernsey and his island home, Hauteville House, offers fans a chance to experience how he lived – and see where he wrote some of his most famous books and poems.
When I’m writing about Guernsey, my memory returns to other places and properties of great people: Garibaldi’s house on the island of Caprera, Jasna Polana of Lew N.Tolstoj, Key West of Ernest Hemingway, Bayreuth of Richard Wagner and others. Hugo’s writing room, the Crystal Room, is at the top of the eclectic house and has panoramic views across the ever-changing capital St Peter Port, out to sea and across to his homeland, France. It is not hard to see why Hugo was captivated by the islands. While the writer is remembered for his life’s works, his private life was equally fascinating. Hugo married wife Adele Foucher in October 1822 and the couple lived together for nearly 46 years until her death. Although married to childhood friend Adèle Foucher – they had five children together – he had a number of lovers throughout his life, most notably French actress Juliette Drouet. The most devoted mistress joined him in exile in Guernsey and lived near his family home. She wrote some 20,000 letters detailing her passion and venting her jealousy. She became his secretary and travelling companion, a relationship that lasted 50 years, and sacrificed her career to follow the love of her life to Guernsey when he and his family were exiled. The lover thinks oftener of reaching his mistress than the husband thinks of guarding his wife; the prisoner thinks more often of escape than the jailer thinks of locking the doors. Therefore, in spite of every obstacle, the lover and the prisoner are certain to succeed, Henri Stendhal said. The presence of danger inspires a sensible man with genius, raising him, so to speak, above himself. In the case of the man of imagination, it inspires him with romances, which may indeed be bold, but which are frequently absurd, Hugo thought so. In the evenings on the island, lovers were indulging in fortune-telling cards. When a woman is talking to you, listen to what she says with her eyes, Hugo repeated. Juliette is mentioned often in the biography of Victor Hugo and thousands of letters between the pair have been recorded. It is said that they secretly met at the top of Victoria Tower. Built to commemorate a visit to the island by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, it offers unparalleled views across St Peter Port. If you look closely you might find their initials – VH and JD – which were etched somewhere into its interior granite walls (see also Hugo’s initials, de Deo- ad Deum). Hugo began, completed or published the majority of the works for which he is best known whilst living here, in particular ‘Les Contemplations’ (1856), ‘Les Misérables’ (1862), ‘La Legende des siecles’ (1877), ‘William Shakespeare’ (1864), ‘Les Chansons des rues et des bois’ (1865), ‘Les Travailleurs de la mer’ (1866), ‘L’Homme qui rit’ (1869), and ‘Quatre-Vingt-Treize’ (1874).
Let us say, Hugo never went out without a book under his arm, and he often came back with two. Even the darkest night will end and the sun will rise. You have to love the world. What Is Love? I have met in the streets a very poor young man who was in love. His hat was old, his coat worn, the water passed through his shoes and the stars through his soul. To put everything in balance is good, to put everything in harmony is better, Hugo said. Love is like a tree: it grows by itself, roots itself deeply in our being and continues to flourish over a heart in ruin. The inexplicable fact is that the blinder it is, the more tenacious it is. It is never stronger than when it is completely unreasonable.
To love another person is to see the face of God, Hugo repeated. It is nothing to die. It is frightful not to live. Have courage for the great sorrows of life and patience for the small ones; and when you have laboriously accomplished your daily task, go to sleep in peace. God is awake. The greatest happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved — loved for ourselves, or rather, loved in spite of ourselves. To love or have loved, that is enough. Ask nothing further. There is no other pearl to be found in the dark folds of life. Certain thoughts are prayers. There are moments when, whatever be the attitude of the body, the soul is on its knees. Beloved reader! You ask me what forces me to speak? a strange thing, my conscience, I will answer you. So, you who suffer because you love, love still more. To die of love, is to live by it. Teach the ignorant as much as you can; in the third millenium female society (yet or this is the salutary situation of human civilization now) is culpable in not providing in the most appropriate time, ready examples of life, it means drawing a moral source from the courage of the sages of the era for all, and it must one’s answer for the night which it produces. If the soul is left in darkness sins will be committed. The guilty one is not he who commits the sin, but he who causes the darkness, I would like to comment on the thought of a great Frenchman. People do not lack strength, they lack will. This is too much a price for the conscience of a man, and a waste of time for the life of individuals, namely the transfer of power and rule in time, even if only one generation – thus not moving the world forward. Victor Hugo was forced to emigrate – although it seems that the primary purpose of his exile was not to wait for his generation to die. And the world has already traveled another way. But let it be. This is the life. Though, no army can withstand the strength of an idea whose time has come. A garden to walk in reality and immensity to dream in, what more could we ask? A few flowers at his feet and above him the stars. When love has fused and mingled two beings in a sacred and angelic unity, the secret of life has been discovered so far as they are concerned; they are no longer anything more than the two boundaries of the same destiny; they are no longer anything but the two wings of the same spirit. Love, soar, Victor Hugo said. So, an intelligent hell would be better than a stupid paradise… From time to time Marius’ knee touched Cosette’s. A touch that thrilled. At times, Cosette faltered out a word. Her soul trembled on her lips like a drop of dew on a flower. Gradually, they began to talk. The night was serene and glorious above their heads. These two beings, pure as spirits, told each other everything, their dreams, their frenzies, their ecstasies, their chimeras, their despondencies, how they had adored each other from afar, how they had longed for each other, their despair when they had ceased to see each other. They had confided to each other in an intimacy of the ideal, which already, nothing could have increased, all that was most hidden and most mysterious in themselves. They told each other, with a candid faith in their illusions, all that love, youth and the remnant of childhood that was theirs, brought to mind. These two hearts poured themselves out to each other, so that at the end of an hour, it was the young man who had the young girl’s soul and the young girl who had the soul of the young man. They interpenetrated, they enchanted each other. When they had finished, when they had told each other everything, she laid her head on his shoulder, and asked him: “What is your name?” Before him he saw two roads, both equally straight; but he did see two, and that terrified him – he who had never in his life known anything but one straight line. And, bitter anguish, these two roads were contradictory. Love is the foolishness of men, and the wisdom of God, Victor Hugo said…Nobody knows like a woman how to say things that are both sweet and profound. Sweetness and depth, this is all of woman; this is Heaven. “I have been loving you a little more every minute since this morning.” Love has no middle term; either it destroys, or it saves. All human destiny is this dilemma. This dilemma, destruction or salvation, no fate proposes more inexorably than love. Love is life, if it is not death. Cradle; coffin, too. The same sentiment says yes and no in the human heart. Of all the things God has made, the human heart is the one that sheds most light, and alas! most night, Victor Hugo repeated. Let us study things that are no more. It is necessary to understand them, if only to avoid them… Let us say in passing, to be blind and to be loved, is in fact – on this earth where nothing is complete – one of the most strangely exquisite forms of happiness. To have continually at your side a woman, a girl, a sister, a charming being, who is there because you need her, and because she cannot do without you, to know you are indispensable to someone necessary to you, to be able at all times to measure her affection by the degree of the presence that she gives you, and to say to yourself: She dedicates all her time to me, because I possess her whole love; to see the thought if not the face; to be sure of the fidelity of one being in a total eclipse of the world… A love wholly founded in purity. There is no blindness where there is certainty.
The soul helps the body, and at certain moments raises it. It is the only bird that sustains its cage… Marius and Cosette were in the dark in regard to each other. They did not speak, they did not bow, they were not acquainted; they saw each other; and, like the stars in the sky separated by millions of leagues, they lived by gazing upon each other. If people did not love one another, I really don’t see what use there would be in having any spring, Hugo said…

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