Stanislaw Barszczak—In search of Nantucket (Land health) —
I In the traditional village in Côte d’Ivoire—
Village Biancouma, strain Yacoub, lies in the north-eastern part of Côte d’Ivoire. The road divides the contemporary Muslim village from the traditional village, as if frozen in the Middle Ages. You may see old-sage Shakwonda close a place of worship, the temple of a round marked to distinguish it from surrounding homes youb tree. To join him Jewel, a teenage Negro. That Niger-boy I am somewhat fortunately for my mother. See also Michael missionary and a nurse Helen sitting at solar noon there. They seem to be in accord with local custom, eating cooked with boiled bananas aloco, on the table is the local beer Bock. —
(In a traditional community, which is essentially African village, the social patterns differ from strain to strain as their language, myths and the names of the gods. Huge spaces, especially for a wandering villager, who is on an uncertain and foreign ground after passing several kilometers, produced by centuries of cultural mosaic. Between lifestyle and religion, there is a symbiosis. Anthropology of religion is primitive, for example, in strain Guer in triple “elements” of man: the body, inner strength (souhou) and soul – the source of human personality, distinctiveness it from animals that have the first two elements. Man dies when it deprives souhou. A man may have a common souhou with the animal, so that the death of an animal causes the death of a man who shares a souhou. The community is not based on a document written life is governed by custom. The customs are deeply ingrained beliefs, motivated them, and human activities have their “supernatural” facilities. Although many decisions are taken collectively, the strains have their individual religious and secular authorities. In the important social circumstances some strains refer to the mask. She is surrounded by mysticism and the cult, because it carries God’s strength. By her man connected with the invisible world and calls to it only in serious situations requiring the intervention of God, such as drought, war or disease. Mask so full major role in the life of strain, and from its decision shall be final. Belief in the effectiveness and power of masks is delivering the desired results. Mask has its mystical origins – is not made by man, but it is believed that the woman found it by accident in the woods. In all the villages is a sacred place, the victims, the location of important social events. At the entrance to Tireli, stands the sacred pole in the form of a male, for centuries to protect the village from the enemy. Here the victim is made up by asking for blessings. In the village center is Toguna, based on four stone pillars with carport imposed hundreds of levels of straw, so high and visible. This place is a sacred symbol of the unity of the tribe, gives the social power and authority. Here and in the square in front of him held meeting of the elderly, socially important ceremonies such as initiations of introducing young people to community life, or – every three years – ceremonies of the liberation of the spirits of the dead links from their village to be able to unite his people. Here, too, held ritual dances associated with all the major occasions of life, expressing the joy of life, requests and thanksgiving for rain, for example, for the harvest. Communities are generally closed in terms of custom, language and religion. Men, women and children have their place and tasks of social and family, and the boundaries between them are relatively close and impassable. There are a number of formal attitudes and behaviors of functioning in the strain. What is needed is a few months indoctrination of young people taking place outside the village and without contact with her in the jungle or the savannah. Here, qualified elders bring valuable insight into the maturing youth in life, learn traditions, knowledge of medicinal herbs, courage, resilience to pain, self-reliance, family responsibilities. It ends with the initiation of giving full-fledged participation in the life of strain. Violation of the customs associated with serious social consequences for the ostracism, including: parents cut themselves off from the children from their community members. Access to the other strain is nearly impossible because it would require the initiation of the strain, and that in adulthood, no longer does. Solitude is sometimes tantamount to a death sentence. Of course, there are also less severe form of expiation, but the compensation is always required. The issue of continuity is the primary strain, thus plays an important role in fertility. There is polygamy. Looking from the side is difficult to explore this intimate side of life strain. One of the accentuation of words of sexual side of human life is a circumcision. Religious justification for circumcision is apparent from the belief that man is born with a dual soul, male and female. Male female soul is in foreskin, while men in women in clitoris. Man to function properly in society, the female soul in men and male in women must be removed. Thus, circumcision in a traditional society relates to both women and men. Male circumcision, depending on the strain, is in infancy or in adolescence. The latter is done in groups, ceremoniously. For example, in the village of Songo (Mali), in the richly decorated with symbols a cave rock collective circumcision takes place a collective circumcision of the local youth. Uncircumcised men may not be a full member of society and participate in the decisions of the strain. Developed formalisms associated with marriage also reflect the attitude to life. Depending on the strain, they include a number of steps ranging from brokers and gifts between the parents of future spouses to the final approval of the bride who expresses her silence. The charity does not speak openly. And marriage are arranged exclusively by parents, even in infancy or before puberty children. Similarly, the important role played by the presence at the funeral of people connected with the deceased. Violation of this practice leads to serious conflicts between the families. In strains the women and men have separate huts there. A man is obligated to provide each hut’s wife. Thus the potential “real estate” refers to the possibility of Dating in the polygamous community. Religion is not a theoretical abstract, dogma, but the concrete of everyday life where beliefs, traditions, courage and fear, life, group and family structure are closely related. Attitudes, as individual and social survival projection of the surrounding reality, take on a religious character, and appear to be in the form of textured spirits. Africans have a spiritual relationship with the world. An unspecified factor – the “spirit” has a positive or negative impact on his life. There is one God, the Creator, generally synergistic in the act of creation with the female element, for example, from the ground. But God is remote, inaccessible. He is not spirit, but the highest strength. Contact him requires intermediaries. For example, in strain Guer, Ivory Coast, the road to God – Gnonswa (etymologically: the source of man) runs through the spirits of ancestors and the “priest” – srassagnan) —Old-sage Shakwonda starts by casually, No one dies without a cause, even an old man. God, who provides for all, will not desert us; especially being engaged, as we are, in His service. There’s an old story… a legend, about a bird that sings just once in its life. From the moment it leaves its nest, it searches for a thorn tree… and never rests until it’s found one. And then it sings… more sweetly than any other creature on the face of the earth. And singing, it impales itself on the longest, sharpest thorn. But, as it dies, it rises above its own agony, to outsing the lark and the nightingale. The thorn bird pays its life for just one song, but the whole world stills to listen, and God in his heaven smiles. Jewel, the realist, tells his master, I sometimes think that all you tell me of knighthood, kingdoms, empires is all windy blather and lies. Shakwonda said, earlier the order of knight-errantry was instituted to defend maidens, to protect widows, and to rescue orphans and distressed persons, he said, all this must be suffered by those who profess the stern order of chivalry. You must have made this sacrifice that knights-errant and their squires must give to their higher calling now. We believe, a knight without a lady is a body without a soul. Catholicism and its doctrine of free will, rejoices over his freedom, telling his listener, Liberty, Jewel, my friend, is one of the most precious gifts that Heaven has bestowed on mankind. Old-sage after rejecting his stories of chivalry, tells his boy, shamefully, my judgement is now clear and unfettered, and that dark cloud of ignorance has disappeared, which the continual reading of the detestable books of knight-errantry from Spain had cast over my understanding. Our greatest foes, and whom we must chiefly combat, are within. You know what the worst crime of all is? Being born. For that you get punished your whole life. What does that mean? I said. I’m not sure, Shakwonda opined. A knight must not complain of his wounds, though his bowels be dropping out. To right the unrightable wrong. To love, pure and chaste from afar , to try, when your arms are too weary , to reach the unreachable star. Not well? What is illness to the body of a knight-errant? What matter wounds? For each time he falls, he shall rise again, and woe to the wicked. But he’ll find it is not gold and will not make him bold and brave. If you feel that you see me, not quite at my virginal best, cross my palm with me, and I’ll willingly show you the rest!—Jewel, You’re a painter. You’re a baker. You like to sleep with the windows open. You never take sugar in your tea. And you always double-knot your shoelaces. Here’s some advice. Stay alive. Put you somewhere you can’t get hurt. You see, my spirit now. This is a new thought. I’m not sure exactly what it means, but it suggests I’m a fighter. In a sort of brave way. It’s not as if I’m never friendly. Okay, maybe I don’t go around loving everybody I meet, maybe my smiles are hard to come by, but i do care for some people. We fight, we dare, we end our hunger for justice. My mouth has gone dry as sawdust. I desperately find God in the people’s crowd and lock eyes with him. I imagine the words coming from his lips. What’s impressed you most since you arrived here?’ I rack my brain for something that made me happy here. Be honest, I think. Be honest. And there I am, blushing and confused, made beautiful by God’s hands, desirable by mother’s confession, tragic by circumstance, and by all accounts, unforgettable. Sometimes when things are particularly bad, my brain will give me a happy dream. So I learned to hold my tongue and to turn my features into an indifferent mask so that no one could ever read my thoughts. Let them go, I tell myself. Say good-bye and forget them. I do my best, thinking of them one by one, releasing them like birds from the protective cages inside me, locking the doors against their return. I also want to tell him how much I already miss him. But that wouldn’t be fair on my part. Who am I thinking of? I don’t want to cry. Everyone will make note of my tears and I’ll be marked as an easy target. A weakling. I will give no one that satisfaction. I remember everything about you, I mentioned. You’re the one who was paying attention. And now you must have known, I will never give up if you never give in. You know, once I’m on my feet I realize escape in a school to Bouaké might not be so easy. There are much worse games to play, Shakwonda said. My choices but are simple. I can die like a quarry in the woods or I can die here beside mum. I’m not going anywhere. I’m going to stay right here and cause all kinds of trouble, now. I always channel my emotions into my work. That way, I don’t hurt anyone but myself. And then he gives me a smile that just seems so genuinely sweet with just the right touch of shyness that unexpected warmth rushes through me. Already I met in my life such boy like you long ago in my school. And now when he sings, looked to the side, as if he saw it now, even the birds stop to listen. For me alone was Christopher born, and I for him. Being retired, he has much time for books. He studies them from morn till night and often through the night and morn again, and all he reads oppresses him; fills him with indignation at man’s murderous ways toward man. He ponders the problem of how to make better a world where evil brings profit and virtue none at all; where fraud and deceit are mingled with truth and sincerity. He broods and broods and broods and broods and finally his brains dry up. He lays down the melancholy burden of sanity and conceives the strangest project ever imagined – -to become a knight-errant, and sally forth into the world in search of adventures; to mount a crusade; to raise up the weak and those in need. To whom would he dedicate his conquests? What visions sustain him when he sallies forth to do battle with evil and with giants? Then his problems and he himself always standing before me. Now I give him to you. Soft and fair, my friend; in last year’s nests there are no birds this year. Today it is said: Not with whom you are born, but with whom you are bred. A man prepared has half fought the battle. Cease the knocking at thy craven knees and prepare to do battle. If you need anything, just shout… If you’re able. I had a teacher there. They’re already taking my future! They can’t have the things that mattered to me in the past! Folly is want to have more followers and comrades than discretion. Finally I would do what I pleased, and doing what I pleased, I should have my will, and having my will, I should be contented; and when one is contented, there is no more to be desired; and when there is no more to be desired, there is an end of it. For the army is a school in which the miser becomes generous, and the generous prodigal. The rather since every man is the son of his own works. But in a school they can expect nothing but their labor for their pains. You have a… remarkable memory, I interrupted him in mid-sentence. but he continued as if nothing had happened, to this day, I can never shake the connection between this boy, Jewel, and the bread that gave me hope, and the dandelion that reminded me that I was not doomed. And more than once, I have turned in the school hallway and caught his eyes trained on me, only to quickly flit away. I feel like I owe him something, and I hate owing people. Maybe if I had thanked him at some point, I’d be feeling less conflicted now. I thought about it a couple of times, but the opportunity never seemed to present itself. Perhaps in this way my mother’s voice comes back to me. I will never forget the face of mum who was my last hope. I realize only one person would be damaged beyond repair if mum dies. Me. Mum says the words slowly, tasting it. Friend. Lover. Victory. Enemy. Fiancée. Target. Mutt. Neighbor. Hunter. Tribute. Ally. I’ll add it to the list of words I use to try to figure you out. The problem is, I can’t tell what’s real anymore, and what’s made up. One time, my mother told me that I always eat like I’ll never see food again. And I said, I won’t unless I bring it home. That shut her up. And now I am not pretty. I am not beautiful. I am as radiant as the sun. You’ve got about as much charm as a dead slug, I said boldly. Many a man has gone to bed feeling well, only to wake up the next morning and find himself dead, Shakwonda said. .Dying is such a waste of good health, I noticed. . Being retired, he has much time for books. He studies them from morn till night and often through the night and morn again, and all he reads oppresses him; fills him with indignation at man’s murderous ways toward man. He ponders the problem of how to make better a world where evil brings profit and virtue none at all; where fraud and deceit are mingled with truth and sincerity. He broods and broods and broods and broods and finally his brains dry up. He lays down the melancholy burden of sanity and conceives the strangest project ever imagined – -to become a knight-errant, and sally forth into the world in search of adventures; to mount a crusade; to raise up the weak and those in need. Suddenly showed around us the village dogs. Master! Master! Speed up. ‘These dogs might bite us, be quiet, when the dogs bark it is because we are working, Shakwonda said. We have no choice and realize too late the practice of life. Do everything that you was a man that you require from yourself and others. When the severity of the law is to be softened, let pity, not bribes, be the motive, he added, had a face like a blessing. Thanks, I’ll keep it in mind. I clench his hands to the point of pain. I only hesitate, then gives an unconvincing shake of his head. While then he as if to say, Stay with me. Staying with you, I said, forever. (to be continued)